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2022年11月14日 星期一

111年專科學力鑑定-工程數學詳解

教育部 111 年自學進修專科學校學力鑑定考試

專業科目(一):工程數學

解答y3y+2y=0λ23λ+2=0(λ2)(λ1)=0λ1=1,λ2=2y=C1eλ1x+C2eλ2x=C1ex+C2e2x(A)
解答B(B)
解答ABC([a243]+[20b4])[2143]=[a+22b+47][2143]=[2a+4a+82b+20b+25]=[0101826]{a=2b=1ab=1(B)
解答{s=(1,2,4)t=(3,a,6)st=1×3+2a+4×6=2a+27=152a=12a=6(A)
解答{u=(a,1,2)v=(3,b,4)w=(5,7,c)2u+vw=(2a,2,4)+(3,b,4)+(5,7,c)=(2a+2,b5,8c)=(4,5,3){a=1b=102a+b=2+10=12(A)
解答det
解答令y=x^m \Rightarrow y'=mx^{m-1} \Rightarrow y''=m(m-1)x^{m-2} \Rightarrow 原式為m(m-1)x^m +7mx^m +5x^m=0\\ \Rightarrow (m^2+6m +5)x^m=0 \Rightarrow m^2+6m+5 =0 \Rightarrow (m+1)(m+5)=0 \Rightarrow m=-1,-5\\ \Rightarrow y=C_1x^{-1}+ C_2x^{-5},故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(D)}
解答先求齊次解,即y''-6y'+9y=0 \Rightarrow \lambda^2-6\lambda+9 =0 \Rightarrow (\lambda-3)^2=0 \Rightarrow \lambda=3(重根)\\ \Rightarrow y_h= C_1e^{3x}+ C_2xe^{3x},只有(C)符合此條件,不用再求特解,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(C)}
解答(A)\times: \cases{M= 2xy+y\\ N=x^2-2} \Rightarrow \cases{M_y= 2x+1\\ N_x=2x} \Rightarrow M_y\ne N_x \\(B)\times: \cases{M= e^{2x}+3y\\ N=\sin x-\sin y} \Rightarrow \cases{M_y= 3\\ N_x= \cos x} \Rightarrow M_y\ne N_x \\(C)\times: \cases{M= 2xy^3 +2x+y\\ N=3x^2y^2-x+y} \Rightarrow \cases{M_y= 6xy^2+1\\ N_x=6xy^2-1} \Rightarrow M_y\ne N_x \\ (D)\bigcirc: \cases{M= 1+e^{-x}\cos y\\ N= e^{-x}\sin y} \Rightarrow \cases{M_y= -e^{-x}\sin y\\ N_x=-e^{-x}\sin y} \Rightarrow M_y = N_x \\,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(D)}
解答{8s-1\over s^2+s-6} ={8s-1\over (s+3)(s-2)} ={5\over s+3}+{3\over s-2 }\\ \Rightarrow \mathcal L^{-1}\left\{{8s-1\over s^2+s-6} \right\} = 5 \mathcal L^{-1}\left\{{ 1\over s+3} \right\}+3 \mathcal L^{-1}\left\{{ 1\over  s-2} \right\} =5e^{-3t}+3 e^{2t},故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(B)}
解答\cases{\sin^2 x =(1-\cos 2x)/2\\ \cos^3 x = (3\cos x+ \cos 3x)/4} \Rightarrow f(x)= 3\sin^2(2x)-4\cos^3 x\\ = {3\over 2}(1-\cos (4x))-(3\cos(x)+ \cos(3x))={3\over 2}-3\cos(x)-\cos(3x)-{3\over 2}\cos(4x) \\ \Rightarrow  A_0= 3/2 \ne -3/2,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(A)}
解答\sin^2 x =(1-\cos 2x)/2 \Rightarrow f(x)=4+3\sin^2 x = 4+{3\over 2}(1-\cos 2x) ={11\over 2}-{3\over 2}\cos 2x \\ \Rightarrow A_2=0 \ne -{3\over 2},故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(C)}
解答\begin{Vmatrix}1 & 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2\\ 4 & 0 & 3 \end{Vmatrix} =|-6+16+24-18|=16,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(B)}
解答\cases{\vec u=(2,4,a)\\ \vec v=(3,2,1)} \Rightarrow \vec u\times \vec v=(4-2a,3a-2,-8) =(-2,7,-8) \Rightarrow a=3,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(C)}
解答AB^t =\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5 & 7\\ 2 & 6 & 3\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 3\\ 1& 0 \\ 2& 8\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 31 & 65\\ 20 & 30\end{bmatrix},故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(B)}
解答AB =\begin{bmatrix} 8 & 3\\5 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} a & -3\\ -5& b \end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 8a-15 & -24+3b\\ 5a-10 & -15+2b\end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \Rightarrow \cases{a=2\\ b=8}\\ \Rightarrow a+b= 10,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(C)}
解答只有(B)的行列式為1\ne 0,其他矩陣的行列式均為0,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(B)}
解答\cases{M=x^3+y^2+\sin x\\ N=xy} \Rightarrow \cases{xM= x^4+xy^2+ x\sin x \\xN= x^2y } \Rightarrow \cases{{\partial \over \partial y}(xM)= 2xy\\ {\partial \over \partial x}(xN) =2xy} \\ \Rightarrow {\partial \over \partial y}(xM)= {\partial \over \partial x}(xN) \Rightarrow x為積分因子,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(C)}
解答\mathcal L\{f*g\} = \mathcal L\{f\} \times \mathcal L\{ g\} = \mathcal L\{1\} \times \mathcal L\{ te^{-3t}\} ={1\over s}\times {1\over (s+3)^2} ={1\over s(s+3)^2},故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(B)}
解答A\mathbf x= \lambda \mathbf x \Rightarrow \begin{bmatrix} -3 & 2\\ a & 6\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x_1\\ x_2 \end{bmatrix} =1 \begin{bmatrix} x_1\\ x_2 \end{bmatrix} \Rightarrow \cases{-3x_1+2x_2= x_1\\ ax_1+ 6x_2= x_2} \Rightarrow \cases{x_2=2x_1\\ x_2= -ax_1/5} \\ \Rightarrow 2=-{a\over 5} \Rightarrow a=-10,故選\bbox[red, 2pt]{(D)}
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